Chinese Missiles
Chinese Surface-to-Surface (Coastal) Missiles
CSSC-1
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Platforms: Coastal
No information available.
CSSC-2 "Silkworm"
Chinese designation: HY-1
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Lenght: 5.8 m
Diameter: 0.76 m
Wingspan: 2.4 m
Weight: 2,300 kg
Range: 45 km
Speed: Mach 0.9
Propulsion: Solid-propellant rocket booster + liquid-propellant rocket sustainer
Guidance: Inertial + active radar terminal homing
Warhead: 450 kg HE
Operational: In service since 1974
Platforms: Coastal
The HY-1 missile is based on the Soviet P-15 (SS-N-2A Styx) anti-ship missile, the technology for which the Chinese acquired in 1959. The HY-1 has two delta wings and a triform rudder and tail. It cruises at an altitude of 100-350 meters.
CSSC-3 "Seersucker"
Chinese designation: HY-2
Export designation: C-201
Lenght: 7.48 m
Diameter: 0.76 m
Wingspan: 2.4 m
Weight: 2,990 kg
Range: 95 km
Speed: Mach 0.9
Propulsion: Solid-propellant rocket booster + liquid-propellant rocket sustainer
Guidance: Autopilot + active-radar (HY-2/HY-2B/HY-2G), IR (HY-2A) or EO (HY-2C) terminal homing
Warhead: 500 kg HE
Operational: In service since 1978
Platforms: Coastal
The HY-2 is based on the HY-1 missile with the primary difference being a longer fuselage to accomodate more rocket propellant. The HY-2 entered service in 1978 after development start in 1965. A missile battery has a large firing sector (170 degrees) and after launch the missile does not require any external guidance. A truck-mounted C-band radar in the missile battery performs surveillance and target tracking. The missile warhead can sink a 3,000 ton destroyer and single-shot hit probability is more than 70 percent. The HY-2G variant has a cruise altitude of only 30-50 meters due to a precision radio altimeter. HY-2 missiles were delivered to Iran in 1986-1989.
CSSC-4
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CSSC-X-5 "Saples"
Chinese designation: YJ-1
Export designation: C-101
Lenght: 5.8 m
Diameter: 0.76 m
Wingspan: 1.2 m
Weight: 1,850 kg
Range: 45 km
Speed: Mach 1.8
Propulsion: Two solid-propellant rocket boosters + two liquid-propellant ramjets
Guidance: Inertial + active-radar terminal homing
Warhead: 300 kg SAP
Operational: Cancelled
Platforms: Coastal, Huang-class FAC
The development of the YJ-1 anti-ship missile, based on the HY-1, began in September 1971, with the first flight test in 1978. After a major redesign of the ramjet engine, the first successful flight test took place only in 1985. The fins of the HY-1 were altered and two ramjet engines were mounted on opposite sides of the aft missile body. The missile cruised at an altitude of 50 meters, but descended to 5 meters when it was within three kilometers of its target. It had a J-band monopulse active radar seeker. The ship-launched version was tested from a Hoku-class fast attack craft during the 1990s.
CSSC-X-6 "Sawhorse"
Chinese designation: HY-3
Export designation: C-301
Lenght: 9.85 m
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Wingspan: 2.24 m
Weight: 3,400 kg
Range: 120 km
Speed: Mach 2.0
Propulsion: Four solid-propellant rocket boosters + two liquid-propellant ramjets
Guidance: Autopilot + active-radar terminal homing
Warhead: 300 kg SAP
Operational: Cancelled
Platforms: Coastal
The HY-3 was a supersonic anti-ship missile designed for land-based coastal defence. An extended-range version may have been under development for shipborne use. After lauch four solid-propellant rocket boosters located aft of the missile body accelerated the missile to Mach 1.8. Two kerosene-fueled ramjets, also located aft of the missile body, then took the missile to Mach 2.0. The missile dived from its cruise altitude of 100-300 meters to below 30 meters before the active-radar terminal phase began.
CSSC-7 "Sadsack"
Chinese designation: HY-4
Export designation: C-401
Lenght: 7.36 m
Diameter: 0.76 m
Wingspan: 2.4 m
Weight: 3,300 kg
Range: 140 km
Speed: Mach 0.8
Propulsion: Solid-propellant rocket booster + turbojet sustainer
Guidance: Autopilot + active-radar terminal homing
Warhead: 500 kg HE
Operational: In service since 1985
Platforms: Coastal
The development of the HY-4 anti-ship missile, which is based on the HY-1 and HY-2 missiles, began in the mid-1970s. The missile has a small WP-11 turbojet engine and a J-band monopulse active radar terminal seeker. A radio altimeter allows the missile to cruise at between 70 and 200 meters. In the terminal phase the missile pops up and performs a diving attack onto the target. The HY-4 has a very large and powerful warhead. However, the big size and slow speed of the missile make it easy to intercept.
CSSC-8 "Saccade"
Chinese designation: YJ-82
Export designation: C-802
Lenght: 5.10 m
Diameter: 0.36 m
Wingspan: 1.18 m
Weight: 715 kg
Range: 120 km
Speed: Mach 0.9
Propulsion: Solid-propellant rocket booster + turbojet sustainer
Guidance: Autopilot + active-radar terminal homing
Warhead: 165 kg SAP
Operational: In service since 1993
Platforms: Coastal, JH-7, Q-5, helicopters, Luhai-class DDG, Luhu-class DDG, Jiangwei II-class FFG, Song-class SSK
The YJ-82 anti-ship missile was developed from the YJ-81, which was fitted with a turbojet cruise engine to increase its range. The air inlet is located between the main fins under the missile body. The YJ-82 has the same solid-propellant rocket booster and guidance system as the YJ-81. The missile flies at an altitude of 20-30 meters during the cruise and 5-7 meters during the terminal phase of flight, although it can perform a pop-up attack. It is equipped with a radio altimeter for use with its autopilot. The missile can manuever during the terminal phase to make it a more difficult target for shipborne air defense systems. Single-shot hit probability may be as high as 98 percent. The coastal launch battery consists of launch vehicles, a radar vehicle and a generator vehicle. There is an encapsulated version for submerged launch from the new Song-class submarines. The latest variant is the C-803 with modified nose shape, datalink, and at least 180-kilometer range. A land-attack derivative with a range of 400 kilometers and possible GPS/TERCOM guidance may be under development as the YJ-22. Iran bought about 60 missiles following the 1991 Gulf War.
Main sources:
Michael Taylor (Ed.), Brassey's World Aircraft & Systems Directory (Brassey's, London 1995).
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